Roots and shoot traits contributing to drought tolerance from germination to maturity stages for bread wheat
Keywords:
bread wheat, drought tolerance, combined selection, roots traits, shoots traitsAbstract
Drought is the major bottleneck for food security worldwide. Identifying reliable selection traits that sustain plant growth and productivity under water-deficient conditions is essential for releasing resilient drought tolerant wheat genotypes. Herein, in order to identify the best combination of drought tolerance related-traits, this study was carried out to assess the effect of 21 shoot and 17 root secondary traits on grain yield of 40 bread wheat genotypes from germination to maturity stages under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. In this research, germination rate (GR), mean germination time (MGT), roots weight (RW), roots number (RN) and Root : Shoot ratio (R/S) were relevant for discriminating drought tolerant genotypes, expressing negative moderate correlation (r~-0.5) and explaining a significant part of yield variation (8 to 30%). Grain number (GN) was the most important agronomic trait (r~0.70-0.94) which explained up to 88 % of yield variation. This latter effect is reinforced by the indirect effects of productive spikes number (FSN), thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grains number per fertile spike (GNFS). The biomass (BY), ground cover (GC), spike (SL) and pedoncule lengths (PL) were also relevant, especially under severe stress (r=0.4-0.6 ; β=0.33-0.40) ; while the canopy temperature depression (CTD) was determinant under moderate stress (r=-0.45 ; β=-0.46). Combined selection for these traits will be effective to improve the process of developing high-yielding bread wheat varieties adapted to drought prone areas.
References
Al-Ajlouni, Z.I. (2016). Impact of Pre-Anthesis Water Deficit on Yield and Yield Components in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Plants Grown under Controlled Conditions. Agronomy & Horticulture -- Faculty Publications, 1137. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy6020033
Amiri, R. et al. (2013). Effect of terminal drought stress on grain yield and some morphological traits in 80 bread wheat genotypes. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5 (10), 1145-1153.
Bennani, S. et al. (2017). Efficiency of drought tolerance indices under different stress severities for bread wheat selection. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 11(4), 395-405. https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.17.11.04.pne272
Chen, C. et al. (2020). TBtools: An Integrative Toolkit Developed for Interactive Analyses of Big Biological Data. Molecular Plant Journal, 13, 1194–1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2020.06.009
Christopher, J. et al. (2013). QTL for root angle and number in a population developed from bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) with contrasting adaptation to water-limited environments. Theoretical Applied Genetics, 126, 1563–1574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-013-2074-0
Comas, L.H. et al. (2013). Root traits contributing to plant productivity under drought. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4, 442. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00442
Fang, Y. et al. (2017). Moderate Drought Stress Affected Root Growth and Grain Yield in Old, Modern and Newly Released Cultivars of Winter Wheat. Front. Plant Science, 8, 672. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00672
Farooq, M. et al. (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 29, 185–212 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2008021
Foulkes, M.J. et al. (2011). Raising yield potential of wheat. III. Optimizing partitioning to grain while maintaining lodging resistance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62 (2), 469–486. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq300
Franco, J.A. et al. (2011). Root development in horticultural plants grown under abiotic stress conditions — A review. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 86, 543-556. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2011.11512802
Gupta, P.K. et al. (2017). QTL Analysis for Drought Tolerance in Wheat: Present Status and Future Possibilities. Agronomy 2017, 7: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7010005
Idrissi, O. et al. (2015). Genetic variability for root and shoot traits in a lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) recombinant inbred line population and their association with drought tolerance. Euphytica, 204, 693–709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1373-8
Kim, Y. et al. (2020). Root Response to Drought Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, 1513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041513
Leng, G. and Hall, J. (2019). Crop yield sensitivity of global major agricultural countries to droughts and the projected changes in the future. Science of The Total Environment, 654, 811-821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.434
Monneveux, P. et al. (2012). Phenotyping for drought adaptation in wheat using physiological traits. Frontiers in Physiology 3:429. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00429
Mwadzingeni, L. et al. (2016). Screening of Bread Wheat Genotypes for Drought Tolerance Using Phenotypic and Proline Analyses. Frontiers in Plant Sciences, 7, 1276. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01276
Nakhforoosh, A. et al. (2014). Wheat root diversity and root functional characterization. Plant Soil. 380, 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2082-0
Panda, D. et al. (2021) Drought tolerance in rice: focus on recent mechanisms and approaches. Rice Science, 28(2), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2021.01.002
Pask, A. et al. (2012). Physiological breeding II: a field guide to wheat phenotyping. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.
Queiroz, et al. (2019). Drought Stresses on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Maize and Sorghum. Journal of Agricultural Science, 11 (2), 310-318. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n2p310
Rahman, M. et al. (2016). Study on morpho-physiological traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under rainfed condition. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 41(2), 235-250. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v41i2.28227
Ranal, M.A. & De Santana, D.G. (2006). How and why to measure the germination process? Brazilian Journal of Botany, 29 (1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042006000100002
Richards, R.A. (2000). Selectable traits o increase crop photosynthesis and yield of grain crops. Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 447-458. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/51.suppl_1.447
Saha, A. et al. (2017). Genome wide identification and comprehensive expression profiling of ribosomal protein smallsubunit (RPS) genes and their comparative analysis with the large subunit (RPL) genes in rice. Frontiers of Plant Science, 8, 1553. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01553
Sallam, A. et al. (2019). Drought stress tolerance in wheat and barley: advances in physiology, breeding and genetics research. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20:3137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133137
Slafer, G.A. et al. (2014). Coarse and fine regulation of wheat yield components in response to genotype and environment. Field Crop Research, 157, 71– 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.12.004
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 SAHAR BENNANI, Nasserelhaq Nsarellah, Ahmed Birouk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
