The dispersion of Araneae in ecological and conventional farming conditions
Keywords:
Central Europe, agrosystems, crops, diversity, managementAbstract
Agricultural land is a more important resource biodiversity and changes in their dispersion and structures reflected the quality of habitats. A suitable bioindicator pointing to such changes is the taxon Araneae. The aim of our research was to point out the dispersion of Araneae individuals in the ecological and conventional farming conditions and also the influence of pH, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen on their abundance. During the years 2018 to 2021, we caught 2,862 individual Araneae in ecological farming (Pisum sativum, Grass mixture, Triticum spelta and T. aestivum) and conventional farming conditions (Brassica napus, Hordeum vulgare and Zea mays) using the pitfall trap method. The dispersion of Araneae individuals was the highest around crops in ecological farming. We confirmed a declining number of individuals with decreasing values of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen in conventional and also ecological farming. However, the difference was within the limits of optima phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, which were lower in ecological farming compared to integrated farming. On the basis our results, both types of farming can be evaluated as homeostatically, which affects the dispersion and abundance of Araneae. Providing them with topical and trophic conditions, which is important for the production of biomass and also affects the crop.
References
Alberti, M. et al. (2017). Urban driven phenotypic changes: empirical observations and theoretical implications for eco-evolutionary feedback. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 372(1712), 2-9. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0029
Boháč, J., & Jahnova, Z. (2015). Land Use Changes and Landscape Degradation in Central and Eastern Europe in the Last Decades: Epigeic Invertebrates as Bioindicators of Landscape Changes. Environmental Indicators. 395-420. 10.1007/978-94-017-9499-2_24
Briones, M. J. I. & Schmidt, O. (2017). Conventional Tillage Decreases the Abundance and Biomass of Earthworms and Alters Their Community Structure in a Global Meta-Analysis. Global Change Biology, 23 (10), 4396-4419. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13744
Diehl, E. et al. (2013). Management intensity and vegetation complexity affect web-building spiders and their prey. Oecologia, 173(2), 579-589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2634-7
Dobrovodská, M. et al. (2019). Assessment of the biocultural value of traditional agricultural landscape on a plot-by-plot level: case studies from Slovakia. Biodiversity and Conservation. 28, 2615-2645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01784-x
Faly, L. I. et al. (2017). Structure of litter macrofauna communities in poplar plantations in an urban ecosystem in Ukraine. Biosystems Diversity, 25(1), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.15421/011705
González, I. M. et al. (2021). Comparing nitrate leaching in lettuce crops cultivated under agroecological, transition, and conventional agricultural management in central Chile. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 81(2), 210-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392021000200210
Haddaway, N. R. et al. (2016). The multifunctional roles of vegetated strips around and within agricultural fields. A systematic map protocol. Environmental Evidence, 5(18), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-016-0067-6
Hazarika, S. et al. (2013). Organic Farming: Reality and Concerns. Indian Journal of Hill Farming, 26 (2), 88-97.
Jocqué, R. et al. (2013). Biodiversity. An African perspective. Siri Scientific Press, 18-57.
Magura, T. et al. (2020). Only habitat specialists become smaller with advancing urbanization. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 29(11), 1978-1987. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13168
Mammola, S. et al. (2017). Record breaking achievements by spiders and the scientists who study them. PeerJ, 5, e3972. https://doi.org/ 10.7717/peerj.3972
Michalko, R. et al. (2019). Global patterns in the biocontrol efficacy of spiders: A meta-analysis. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 28(9), 1366-1378. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12927
Nentwig, W. (2013). Spider ecophysiology. Springer Science & Business Media.
Nyffeler, M. & Birkhofer, K. (2017). An estimated 400–800 million tons of prey are annually killed by the global spider community. The Science of Nature, 104 (30). https:// doi.org/10.1007/s00114-017-1440-1
Pérez-Bote, J. L. & Romero, A. J. (2012). Epigeic soil arthropod abundance under different agricultural land uses. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2012101-202-11
Porhajašová, J. et al. (2014). Influence of Ecological and Integrated Management of Farming on Biodiversity of Basic Epigeic Group. Acta Horticulturae et Regiotectuare, 17(1), 16-19. https://doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2014-0005
Porhajašová, J. et al. (2015). Biodiversity and Dynamics Of Occurence of Epigeic Groups in Different Types of Farming. Acta Horticulturae et Regiotectuare, 18(1), 5-10. https://doi.org/10.1515/ahr-2015-0002
Purgat, P. et al. (2020). Spreading of spiders (Araneae) in the urban environment as an impact of human activities. Mendel University Press, 430-434.
R version 3.6.3 Copyright (C) 2020. The R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Schierwater, B., & DeSalle, R. (2021). Invertebrate Zoology: A Tree of Life Approach. CRC Press.
Schuster, N. R. et al. (2019). Soil Arthropod Abundance and Diversity Following Land Application of Swine Slurry. Agricultural Sciences, 10(2), 150-163. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2019.102013
Simão, F. C. P. et al. (2015). Composition and seasonal ariation of epigeic arthropods in field margins of NW Portugal. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39, 404-411. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1401-69
Ter Braak, C. J. F., & Šmilauer, P. (2012). Canoco reference manual and user's guide: software for ordination, version 5.0. Ithaca USA: Microcomputer Power
Tiemann, L. K., et al. (2015). Crop rotational diversity enhances below ground communities and functions in an agroecosystem. Ecology Letters, 18(8), 761-771. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/ele.12453
Wall, D. H. et al. (2015). Soil Biodiversity and Human Health. Nature, 528, 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15744
Wollni, M. & Andersson, C. (2014). Spatial patterns of organic agriculture adoption: Evidence from Honduras. Ecological Economics, 97, 120-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.11.010
Zazharskyi, V. V. et al. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of 50 plant extracts. Biosystems Diversity, 27(2), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.15421/011922
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Vladimír Langraf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
